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APPLICATIONS

USE

The limit values ​​for use of the compounds must always be kept in mind as exceeding them can rapidly produce degradation or even destruction of the sealing element constituted by the O-RING itself.

STANDARD COMPOUNDS

ENVIRONMENT

The most commonly used fluids in contact with O-RINGS other than air are the following:

 

  • Water
  • Extinguishing fluids
  • Lubricating oils
  • Food fluids
  • Hydraulic oils
  • Pure and mixed gases
  • Fuel
  • Coolant fluids


In contact with most of the components listed above, elastomers generally tend to swell.
Temperature and pressure certainly accentuate these phenomena, therefore these effects must be taken into consideration at the moment of the design, to ensure the tightness of the whole system.
Swelling almost always creates a deterioration of the compound which can reach, in extreme cases, even total degradation.
To increase the above is added the effect of the temperature which, at high levels, further increases the effects described above.
There is also the possibility that the phenomenon of Extraction of certain components of the compound occurs.
In this situation there is a loss of volume of the O-RING itself with serious alterations to the seal.
As can be seen from the above, it is very important to verify, at the design level, the fluids used in contact with the O-RING and consequently the compounds to be used in order to obtain a good long-lasting seal.

SEATS - CRUSHING

For the correct sizing of the O-Rings seats it is necessary to consider that:
  • The thermal expansion coefficient of elastomers is about 10 times that of steel.
  • The swelling caused by contact with a fluid, under normal conditioning conditions, can be 10%.
  • The recommended dimensions for the O-Ring seats in the various applications take these phenomena into account and are shown in the following table.

TABLE

To obtain a correct sizing of the seal it is necessary to take into account a peculiar phenomenon known as the Joule effect which manifests itself in the contraction, as the temperature increases, in an elastomer kept in a state of tension.
An O-RING mounted with a certain tension on a shaft will tend to contract as the temperature increases, thus generating a greater friction force and therefore a further increase of the same; in extreme cases the rapid destruction of the O-RING can occur.
We therefore recommend an assembly in which the forcing is obtained with a compression, rather than with a tension.
In this case the increase in temperature will cause a decrease in forcing resulting in relief for the seal.

RELATIVE SPEEDS

The multiplicity of fluids and operating conditions in a dynamic seal make it difficult to determine the speed limit. However, 0.5 m/sec can be considered as the reference limit speed. with particularly accurate surfaces and dimensional tolerances of the slightly enlarged slots, with selected O-RINGS and hardness 80 IHRD, in the presence of max. 5 bars. As the pressure increases, the speed is drastically reduced.

ASSEMBLY

The functionality and duration of an O-RING depend greatly on the methods and care used during assembly. It is necessary to bear in mind some essential points such as:
  • The sizing of the assembly seats must comply with what is stated in the sizing and seats chapters
  • Avoid sharp edges, burrs and rough metal surfaces. Particular care must be taken during assembly in the presence of threads, grooves or orifices on which the O-RING is made to slide; it is better to use suitable assembly tools.
Even the extension of the O-RING during assembly must be the minimum possible and obtained with special tools.
  • The chosen O-RING must be clean, in good condition and lightly lubricated with compatible substances.
  • The assembly seats must be thoroughly cleaned and greased.
  • The positioned O-RINGS must be protected during assembly of the remaining components of the seal.
  • To mount O-RINGs of small dimensions, of high hardness or in particular conditions, compound housings are recommended to avoid excessive tension and deformation of the elastic elements.
  • In the case of automatic assembly systems, we recommend special compounds (SELF-LUBRICATING) which improve the sliding of the O-RINGS in the loading devices. In these cases, particular flatness, concentricity, etc. tolerances are also required
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